Battle of Borodino, 1812 (1822)

Louis Francois Lejeune: Battle of Borodino, 1812

Lejeune (1775-1848) was a general as well as an artist. His name is one of those engraved on the Arc de Triomphe.

The Battle of Borodino was in many ways the climax of Napoleon's invasion of Russia. It was the single bloodiest day of that war, involving over a quarter of a million troops overall and resulting in 70,000 casualties - a bloody affair indeed. Technically it was a French victory - the Russian army withdrew - but by failing to pursue and finish them off, Napoleon planted the seeds of his own ultimate defeat. The Wikipedia page has an exhaustive description and analysis of the engagement.